The History of Philosphy and Literature

The Kasual Kafe Philosophical and Literature Timeline

[500 B.C. through 1600 A.D.]

	Year	Philosophers	Authors	Literature
	500 B.C.	Anaxagoras (c.500-428) A very detailed and informational web page with text only. It features explanations of Anaxagoras' philosophical ideas and accomplishments. It also compares Anaxagoras to other philosophers of his time. (Justin) Empedocles (c.490-430) Empedocles introduced his theory of roots, which consisted of fire, air, earth, and water. He also had suggested love and strife. He explains how each of these he had understood them. (Stephanie)	Homer This site was put together by Tory Arkwright, Justin Eichenlaub and John Ramsey. It contains an in-depth slideshow presentation on Homer. (Matt)	The Odyssey (c.900-700) This website is a table of contents for the Odyssey, linked to the entire text. Each book in the Odyssey has its own individual link. There are also links to the prefaces and to footnotes. (Jeff)
	400 B.C.	Democritus (c.460-370) This is a wonderful website about the history of Democritus' philosophy. It contains quotations, links to other sites, and the history of Greek philosophy. This site also includes other philosophers of the time in its discussion and has links to sites about them. (Becky) Protagoras (485-411) This Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy gives a biography. (Hogue) Socrates (370-399) This site has a wealth of information on Socrates. The site summarizes their teachings, beliefs and a biography. The site was compiled by Gareth Kemerling. (Matt) Aristotle (385-322) This website gives a brief biography of Aristotle. Included is an image of a bust of Arisotle. Visitors will find links to information about Aristotle as well as philosophy links.(Jeff) Antisthenes (455-460) This is an Encyclopedia of Philosophy and a Timeline of Western Philosophy, which includes the Cynics, Antisthenes and Diogenes. (Betsy) Aristippus (430-370) This page, part of the Catholic Encylopedia, is an article on the Cyreniac school of philosophy, of which Aristippus was the first. (Hogue) Plato (428-347) This site, created by Bernard Suzanne, has translations of Plato's Dialogues and other more scholarly information on his writings. It also includes links to related sites and a tutorial to get you started. (Andy)	Sophocles (430) This site explains Sophocles' life, death, background, family background, and career. Sophocles was also interested in the politics of his time. (Stephanie)	Oedipus Rex (c.430) The site gives an overview of the plot, the major and minor characters and a few quotes. (Hayley)
	300 B.C.	Diogenes (c.320) This is an Encyclopedia of Philosophy and a Timeline of Western Philosophy, which includes the Cynics, Antisthenes and Diogenes. (Betsy) Zeno (c.335-263) This is a detailed account of the history of Pantheism. It describes Zeno's role in the foundation of Stoicism and describes the philosophy behind the Stoics. It also includes links to other important people from that time period in history. (Becky)	Beginning of Hellenism
	100 B.C.
	0 - 200 A.D.	Cicero (60) This site gives a detailed account of the life of Cicero written by Plutarch and translated by John Dryden. (Hayley) Seneca (10) This site includes a brief biography of the philosopher. (Stacy)
	300 A.D.	St. Augustine (354-430) This site contains links to texts of the writings of St. Augustine and two biographies about him. (Andy)
	400-900 A.D.		End of Hellenism
	1000 A.D	Hildegard of Bingen (1070) This site is an excellent resource on Hildegard von Bingen. It contains a biography, links to her writings and music, and a collection of artwork by Hildegard. (Jon) "The Life and Works of Hildegard of Bingen." An excellent biography of this pioneering woman who was a philosopher, scientist, theologian, and musician. Also contains a good selection of links to related sites. (Jon)
	1100-1299 A.D.	St. Thomas Aquinas (1227-1274) The Catholic Encyclopedia hosts an extensive biography of St. Thomas Aquinas. Sections include Life, Writings (and his principles), Influences exerted on Aquinas, Influence of St. Thomas, and St. Thomas and Modern Thought. (Mark)	Dante Alighieri (1265-1320) This site contains Dante's works, scholars and student works on Dante. There are also maps and a bibliography. (Andy)
	1300 A.D.		Chaucer (1342-1400) This site contains an abundance of information relating to Chaucer and his works. It links to several other sites covering Chaucer's historical, social and philosophical background. It also has links to individual stories from the Canterbury Tales, a basic Chaucer glossary, and a glossary database of Middle English. (Tamara)	The Comedy (1301) This site contains the complete texts of all three parts of the Comedy. You can view them in Italian or either of two English translations. It also includes features such as music, a chronology, and on-line help. (Andy) Canterbury Tales (1300's) This site features two full editions of the Canterbury Tales: the original Middle English text and a Modern English translation in rhyming couplets. It also includes a forum, chronology and on-line help. (Andy)
	1400 A.D.	Nicholas Copernicus (1437-1543) This site reveals details concerning Copernicus's life, work, and personality. It explains how Copernicus came to his conclusions about the rotation of the earth without the aid of scientific equipment. The site contains helpful links to other great scientists of Copernicus's time. (Tamara)
	1500 A.D.	Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) Highly informative page about the "forgotten philosopher." Begins at his childhood and progresses through his life. (Hayley)	William Shakespeare (1564-1616) This site contains complete texts of all of Shakespeare's works, biographies of him, and critical essays on his work. Several other resources are also included. This site contains almost everything you would ever want to know about Shakespeare. (Andy)	The Merchant of Venice (1596) This brief textual analysis focuses on Shylock's relationship with his daugher Jessica. (Stephanie) Romeo & Juliet (1595-96) This site contains original text converted by James Farrow. Links in the text take you to different scenes. (Melissa) Much Ado About Nothing (1598-99) This website, compiled by J.N. Smith in 1999-2000, has act summaries, act analysis, background on the play and author as well as links to other Much Ado About Nothing sites. (Matt) Julius Caesar (1599) This extensive Julius Caesar site includes the full text, critical material, student projects, and maps and atlases. As this is a growing site, there is even more coming soon. (Stacy)
	1600 A.D.	Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Thomas Hobbes and his philosophy are covered in detail at this site. A brief biography with a link to a more extensive biography begins the page. Following that are numerous links to his published works, papers, discussion lists, and several images and portraits of himself. (Tamara) Rene Descartes (1596-1650) This website gives a brief biography of Rene Descartes. Included is a painting of him. It also contains Descartes links as well as other philosophy links. (Jeff) Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) This website contains a detailed biography of Baruch Spinoza. It includes an overview of his philosophy and also has selected statements from his chief work, The Ethics. (Becky) John Locke (1632-1704) David Cody's site addressing the "Father of Empiricism," John Locke, covers life accomplishments including several published works (Treatises on Government, Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Leviathan). A photo of Locke can also be viewed. Several E-Text links are accessible from this site. (Beth) Leibniz (1646-1716) This page contains an overview of Leibniz, information about his life and works. It outlines his major ideas. For the benefit of all visitors, it also cantains a list of his major works and writings and also links to other information about him. (Becky)

[1700 A.D.-Present]

	Year	Philosophers	Authors	Literature
	1700 A.D.	Montesquieu (1689-1755) This page is the Catholic Encyclopedia's biography of French political philosopher Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu. eText of Montesquieu's most famous writings. (Hogue) Voltaire (1694-1778) This page, part of Lucid Cafe's Library, features French author and Enlightenment philosopher, Voltaire. In addition to a biography, there are links to related Internet resources, eText of Voltaire's works, and other philosophers. (Hogue) Rousseau (1712-1778) This site, produced and maintained by the Rousseau Association, contains several biographies, works by Rousseau, and links to other related sites. While visiting this excellent site, you can even listen to music composed by Rousseau.(Stacy)
	1750 A.D.	Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) The site is by the Ron Turner Organization and contains a detailed life history, work history and information on Kant's philosophical views. (Hayley) G.W.F. Hegel (1770 to 1831) Don't be alarmed by Hegel's menacing portrait! This site is a virtual oasis of Hegel's and others' pantheist philosophies. Included in the site are selected excerpts from Hegel's works and a brief biography.(Beth)
	1800 A.D.	Charles Darwin (1804-1882) This site is a link site to on-line editions of several of Darwin's works, excerpts from his autobiography and a time line. (Andy) Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) D. Anthony Storm's web site on Kierkegaard includes biographical information, a web library, links, an image gallery, essays and an area for commentary. (Betsy)	Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) Thoreau's two sources of income had been the family pencil business and surveying. This site explains his life. (Stephanie) Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) This site includes biographical information on Hawthorne, essays concerning settings, themes, religion and literary criticism. It also contains excellent photos and history. (Betsy) Edgar Allen Poe (1809-1849) The Internet Public Library's collection of Poe eTexts. There are many excellent sites listed here, including biographical pages and criticisms of Poe's works. (Jon) The Edgar Allen Poe Society of Baltimore hosts this site that features eTexts of Poe's stories, poems, essays and critical works. In addition, visitors will find an abundance of excellent information that is well organized and easy to read. This site has won many web awards. (Hogue)	Young Goodman Brown (1835) The Gutenberg Project's full-text electronic edition of Nathaniel Hawthorne's short story compilation "Mosses From an Old Manse." Includes "Young Goodman Brown." The Fall of the House of Usher (1840) This web page was created for Michele Maynard's Masterworks of American Literature class. It contains the text of the story along with information on the story and Poe. (Melissa) Rappaccini's Daughter (1844) eText of the story, a study guide and links to related topics, including Transcendentalism, Italian Renaissance, Poisonous Plants as well as links to information on Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Cask of Amontillado (1846) This site contains the actual text and inks to information about Edgar Allen Poe.(Melissa) Walden (1854) The Thoreau Reader hosts Walden by Henry David Thoreau in HTML, formatted into chapters with annotations. (Mark)
	1850 A.D.	John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) This site contains a biography of the English economist and philosopher, John Stuart Mill. The article includes Mill's published works and brief decriptions thereof. The biography covers Mill's childhood, his adult accomplishments and explanations of his theories on Utilitarianism, Positivism and social theory. (Beth) Karl Marx (1818-1883) A most complete source of Marxist information and history, this site includes selected works by Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels, biographical information, a host of images, and writings from many authors. (Justin) Friedrich Nietzche (1844-1900) This site compiled by Bill Curry, describes the many perspectives of Friedrich Nietzsche. It includes quotations and links to other Nietzsche sites. (Matt)	Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896) This web site dedicated to Harriet Beecher Stowe contains information about her life and work. Her portrait and several images from an 1853 American edition of Uncle Tom's Cabin are included. There are also several letters Stowe wrote to family and friends detailing her grief over her son's death. (Tamara) Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) This site contains a biography of Ibsen written by Michael Meyer in 1970. There is also a list of Ibsen Prize winners. (Melissa) T.S. Eliot (1888-1965) This site includes a biography of Eliot, the text of "The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock" with annotations, other works, quotes, other related links and images. (Betsy) "What the Thunder Said" is a site devoted to the works and life of T.S. Eliot. Included in this well designed site are eTexts, a timeline, resources and more. (Hogue)	The Scarlet Letter (1850) The Gutenberg Project's full-text electronic edition of Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter." Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) This site on Uncle Tom's Cabin and American culture (a multi-media archive) from the University of Virginia English Department includes electronic text, film clips, pictures and responses to the novel. (Betsy) A Doll House (1879) This Iowa State site is a link to the complete text of the play by Ibsen.(Hogue) The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock (1917) This website, compiled by Amy Lozano, contains links, text of The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock and The Wasteland as well as a biography of T.S. Eliot. (Matt)
	1900 A.D.	Sigmund Freud (1865-1939) This site, created by Maria Helena Rowell, contains a biography, information on psychoanalysis, and a selection of Freud's works. (Melissa)	Mark Twain (1835-1910) This site, compiled by Jim Zwick, contains an in-depth biography of Mark Twain. The site also includes literary criticism of Twain's works as well as a wealth of other information on Twain. (Matt) Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) This website contains a lenthy biography of Leo Tolstoy summarizing his life, beliefs, and works. (Mark) Willa Cather (1873-1947) Encyclopedia Britanica Online hosts a brief biography of Willa Cather and lists some of her more famous works. Cather Texts Online Project Gutenberg provides online versions of Cather's most popular works including My Antonia, Song of the Lark, and O Pioneers. (Mark) James Joyce (1882-1941) This website contains links to anything that you would want to know about James Joyce. Visitors can explore links to James Joyce homepages, biographies, bibliographies, online works, articles, essays, and reviews. (Becky) Franz Kafka (1883-1924) This web site offers Kafka's biography, a bibliography of Kafka's work, insight into his literature and links to more information, papers, reports and trivia about this disillusioned writer. (Justin) William Faulkner (1897-1962) This website contains links related to Faulkner's fictional Yoknapatawpha County. It also contains links to sites on Faulkner's works, life and more. A photo of William Faulkner is included. (Jeff) Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) This site gives an in depth biography and links to other information about the author. (Hayley)	The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885) This link leads directly to Project Gutenberg's electronic text of Huckleberry Finn. (Mark) The Death of Ivan Illych (1886) The full online text of Leo Tolstoy's The Death of Ivan Illych. (Justin) Paul's Case (1905) The Gutenberg Project's full-text electronic edition of Willa Cather's compilation "The Troll Garden and Selected Stories." Includes "Paul's Case." The Dead (1914) This site, a "James Joyce Public House," contains several links to academic papers and essays about The Dead. You will also find information and resources on Joyce and his works, links to other Joyce sites on the Web, and other miscellaneous information. (Stacy) The Metamorphosis (1915) This site contains a brief summary of the novel and some links to related information. It also includes commentary of the novel, including a psychoanalytical interpretation. (Tamara) My Antonia (1918) Visitors will find the entire novel text, chapter by chapter at this site. (Tamara) The Sound and The Fury (1929) This site is dedicated solely to Faulkner's The Sound and The Fury. It includes an explanation of the title, character analysis, plot summary, background of the novel, criticism, and additional resources. The plot summary is in the same character/year format as the novel. (Justin) As I Lay Dying (1930) This website contains links related to As I Lay Dying as well as links related to Faulkner. It also contains links to cubism and surrealism. (Jeff) Brave New World (1932) The Huxley.net site is a service of BLTC research touting a lengthy critical essay of Huxley's Brave New World in relation to paradise engineering. The entire text of Brave New World is also hosted by Huxley.net in HTML format.(Mark)
	1950 A.D.	Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1980) This site, compiled by Katharena Eiermann, is a great source for information on Simone de Beauvoir and existentialism. It contains biography, links and essays. (Matt) Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) The Nobel Museum hosts a complete and accurate biography of Jean-Paul Sartre, the "father of existentialism." Included are names of his various works and an overview of his teachings. (Mark)	George Orwell (Eric Blair) (1903-1950) This excellent George Orwell site includes biographies, pictures, full texts, quotes and links to many other resources. (Stacy) William Golding (1911-1993) This site, constructed by The Nobel Foundation, covers Golding's personal history and influences. Also included in the site is a complete bibliography of Golding's novels, short stories, plays and essays. (Beth) J.D. Salinger (born 1919 ) This site begins with an introduction to The Catcher in the Rye and goes on to give a brief biography. An extensive list of links connect the visitor to a wide variety of Salinger information. (Hayley) Flannery O'Connor (1925-1964) A brief biography of Flannery O'Connor. Includes a list of O'Connor's most well-known works. John Knowles (born 1926) This site, compiled by Phillips Exeter, alma mater of Knowles, includes personal reflections, the setting of A Separate Peace, an original manuscript, and other pieces of Knowles' work. Links to related sites can also be found on this page.(Beth) Arthur Miller (born 1915) This website contains a brief biography of Miller and links to Miller's plays, other works, films, posters and bibliographies. Included is a picture of Miller. (Jeff) Harper Lee (born 1926) This web site on Harper Lee includes biography, synopses of her various works, links to additional resources and articles about the author. The site also has a lot of questions posted from curious people about her and her publications.(Justin) Elie Wiesel (born 1928) This website about Elie Weisel contains an extended biography on the life of this author. It also has a detailed timeline regarding the major events in Weisel's life. A complete bibliography of his works is included as are links to on-line texts. (Becky)	Animal Farm (1946) This website on Animal Farm contains the entire text of the book as well as a biography on it's author, George Orwell. Visitors can go directly to a selected chapter, or read through the entire book. 1984 (1949) This site includes analysis, quotes, a study guide and links to related information. It also features a 1984 message board for sharing ideas and asking questions. (Stacy) Death of a Salesman (1949) This site, sponsored by Homework Online, contains virtually everything you would want to know about Death of a Salesman. Included in this site are summaries and explanations, character analyses, discussions of themes, and a user's forum. (Stacy) The Catcher in the Rye (1951) This site includes resources for the novel and activities for high school readers. There are also images (Holden's hunting cap), related poems, allusions, historical/cultural background information, character analysis, a book review, and a biography of Salinger's life. (Betsy) The Crucible (1952) Students constructed this page, not unlike our page. Within the site is not only information pertaining to The Crucible, but also information covering the historical circumstances surrounding the play, links to related pages, and a search for related topics. A Separate Peace (1959) This site, compiled by Phillips Exeter, alma mater of Knowles, includes personal reflections, the setting of A Separate Peace, an original manuscript, and other pieces of Knowles' work. Links to related sites can also be found on the page. *Short stories of Flannery O'Connor [Good Country People, A Good Man Is Hard To Find,* etc.] (1950's)** A guide to Flannery O'Connor which includes short stories, theme paper topics and other useful links. (Betsy) Lord of the Flies (1954) This site dedicated to Golding's "thought-provoking novel" contains descriptions of the main characters, themes, symbolism, defined vocabulary from the novel and links for further research. There is also a discussion forum available. (Tamara) Night (1958) This page features student responses to the book. To Kill a Mockingbird (1960) This site contains a critical analysis of To Kill A Mockingbird.
	2000 A.D.	Noam Chomsky (born 1928) Noam Chomsky: A Life of Dissent The MIT Press e-book edition of the latest biography of Noam Chomsky. An excellent full-text online version of the book by Robert Barsky. Details Chomsky's many-faceted life as a linguist, philosopher, and activist, as well as his lesser-known personal life.(Jon) The Noam Chomsky Archive The Noam Chomsky Archive on ZNet. This site is an excellent source for finding online editions of Chomsky's works. Most of his political books are available in full-text here, and there is a huge archive of interviews and articles by Chomsky. The Archive also has a good links page and many links to purchase copies of other Chomsky works, such as his popular lecture audio CDs.(Jon) Arne Naess (born 1912) "Deep Ecology" An essay by Naess outlining the principles of his popular philosophy of environmental protection known as Deep Ecology. (Jon) "A Deep Ecology Eight Point Platform" A simple statement of the principles of Deep Ecology, and how they can be applied for political action. By Arne Naess and George Sessions. (Jon)	Michael Crichton (1942 ) This site features information on Crichton's background, his shows, his movies and what inspires him. This site also explains how his first hand experiences have had a role in his writing. (Stephanie) Jostein Gaarder (born 1952) This page is maintained by the Sebastian Wetzel Group. It contains some biographical information along with information on Gaarder's books. (Melissa)	Jurassic Park (1990) One of the only places on the web where information on the Jurassic Park novel can be found. Includes six editorial reviews, synopses, and feedback, with ratings, from those who have read the book. Sophie's World (1991) "The unexamined life is not worth living" begins this extensive Sophie's World website. Not only is the novel addressed, but also reviews, links, famous philsophical quotes and questions are also included.

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